As pessoas vivem em grupos. Essa constatação não representa a realidade total da evolução do ser humano nem da sociedade humana; também não esgota as características do ser humano, hoje visto e entendido como ser de relações. Outras questões precisam ser respondidas: as pessoas sempre viveram e sempre quiseram viver em grupo? O que moveu os indivíduos a se agruparem?
Parece que não é errado dizer que nem sempre os seres humanos viveram em grupo, formando o que chamamos de sociedade. Também não erramos quando afirmamos que o ser humano está, constantemente, insatisfeito. E se está insatisfeito é porque possui necessidades. Essa parece ser a principal e, talvez, primeira explicação para a organização das sociedades humanas. A satisfação das necessidades.
Sendo assim podemos dizer que as pessoas gostam de estar sozinhas, mas vivem em grupos. Gostam de estar sozinhas porque a solidão permite liberdades que não é possível no grupo. Mas necessitam do grupo porque nem tudo de que precisam conseguem isoladamente. A associação ocorre, portanto, não porque o ser humano é, essencialmente, gregário, mas é segregacionista, é sectério, e se agrupa por necessidade de sobrevivência. O grupo, portanto, nasce dos interesses pessoais e das necessidades dos indivíduos.
O que é, então, o ser humano?
Sabemos, inicialmente, que o ser humano é um animal que ganhou a classificação de racional. Aristóteles lhe afirmou mais uma característica: é político, de onde a característica da sociabilidade. Racional porque consegue abstrair e aprender com as experiências. E, mais do que aprender, consegue reproduzir e ampliar as aplicações das experiências adquiridas. Isso porque aprendeu a raciocinar. É, além disso, político porque vive, sobrevive e explora as relações sociais. Embora, como dissemos antes, goste do isolamento, prefere viver em grupo. O grupo, portanto, não é essencial, mas opção: para satisfazer suas necessidades, para satisfazer seus desejos, para superar seus medos, para superar suas fraquezas.
Dessa forma é que devemos entender a característica humana da sociabilidade. A sociabilidade, ou a capacidade de o ser humano viver, sobreviver e existir em coletividade parece ser o que mais bem o caracteriza. Entretanto aqui precisamos fazer uma ressalva. Não nos parece que os humanos sejam, essencialmente, seres sociais, mas se fazem sociais a partir de suas necessidades e para superar seus medos.
Dizendo de outra forma, o ser humano é um ser sectário e tende a se isolar e a viver isolado. Socializa-se porque se percebe impotente diante da natureza, mais forte que ele. E, por ter medo de não sobreviver procura ajuda dos seus semelhantes. Assim se faz sociável numa atitude tipicamente egocêntrica, medrosa e aproveitadora.
Eu, por exemplo, considero-me sectário, pois gosto de ficar isolado… Isso não seria uma fuga dos medos, das angustias, tristezas, decepções?… Deixo para falar sobre isso depois.
Publicado em: Governo
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