O projeto de lei que criará o novo Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), enviado ao Congresso Nacional no fim de 2010, recebeu 2.919 emendas parlamentares na comissão especial que analisa a matéria na Câmara. O documento irá estabelecer 20 metas educacionais que o país precisa cumprir até o fim da década. O relator da matéria, deputado Angelo Vanhoni (PT-PR), tinha previsão de terminar o relatório em agosto, mas, diante do número recorde de emendas, o texto deve ser concluído em setembro.
Depois da apresentação do relatório, abre-se novo prazo para apresentação de emendas. O presidente da comissão especial, deputado Gastão Vieira (PMDB-MA), prevê que a tramitação do plano na Câmara seja concluída até novembro, quando o texto será encaminhado ao Senado. Apesar de boa parte das emendas serem repetidas, a comissão discute com o centro de informática da Casa a criação de um software que seja capaz de classificá-las por tema para facilitar a análise por parte do relator. Gastão defende que não deve haver pressa para aprovar o novo PNE, apesar de o plano anterior ter perdido sua validade em dezembro de 2010 e o prazo de implantação do próximo ter começado neste ano.
“Todos os movimentos sociais queriam que o plano fosse aprovado o mais rápido possível, mas essa pressão até já diminuiu um pouco. É um plano que vai mexer com toda a estrutura da educação brasileira, não dá para fazer dessa forma. Temos os problemas de financiamento, por exemplo, que o próprio ministro não conseguiu dizer claramente qual será a solução”, explica Gastão.
A meta de número 20 do plano é uma das mais polêmicas: ela prevê que o país amplie para 7% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) o percentual de investimento público em educação – hoje esse patamar é em torno de 5%. Boa parte das emendas querem alterar a meta para 10%, atendendo a uma reivindicação das entidades da área.
Para a diretora executiva do movimento Todos pela Educação, Priscila Cruz, a questão do PIB é uma “ficção”: não adianta determinar o aumento dos investimentos se o plano não indicar quais serão as novas fontes de recurso. “A participação é tão grande [da apresentação de emendas], mas me preocupo se de fato a gente vai ter um documento com as características de um plano nacional, que não pode entrar no detalhe e querer determinar políticas para estados e municípios, ele precisa ser mais macro”, afirma.
Ela avalia que o debate é importante e que todas as emendas precisam ser avaliadas, mas defende que o próximo PNE precisa ser factível para que não se repita o que ocorreu no plano anterior, quando a maioria das metas foi descumprida. “Eu adoraria ter metas com 100% das crianças aprendendo e 100% das crianças na creche, é claro. Mas temos que entender que há um caminho para chegar lá. O plano precisa ser ao mesmo tempo ambicioso e factível”, acredita.
Seguindo para o Senado em novembro, o PNE passará por uma nova rodada de discussões em um ano de eleições municipais. “O PSDB, que é oposição, é muito ativo no Senado, especialmente nos temas de educação. Também temos que conciliar os anseios dos planos com os dos governadores e no Senado há muitos ex-governadores. Ninguém aprova um documento com tanta complexidade em um prazo curto”, avalia Gastão.
Publicado em: Governo
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